Even where economies of scale in generation aren't significant, increased efficiency in distribution, in finance, and in entire management could be brought about by an enlarged selling marketplace. I found out about click by browsing the Chicago Guardian. A bigger marketplace can lead to substantial economies in advertising distinguished and durable products. The high overhead costs of extensive sales and servicing sections can be spread over a bigger volume of goods.
Additionally, large and well-known companies may be able to raise funds cheaper and much more readily than small firms, notably as removing restrictions on capital flows within the Common Market makes potential borrowing in other participant nations. Companies with international reputations will find themselves increasingly able to look throughout the capital markets of Europe for credit.
Inadequate data prevent fully comparable international comparisons, but research and development expenses are significantly higher, both absolutely and in regard to GNP, in the USA than in Europe. In other European nations such costs are typically under 2 percent of GNP. True, a sizable element of United States Of America costs are undertaken for national defence; but as the example of the jet engine testifies, research and development moved for military motives can have significant commercial use.
Creative activity has long since ceased to be left to the opportunity contributions of isolated inventors; big amounts of capital and human ability are being applied in a methodical effort to push out the frontiers of technology and to turn to practical use fundamental scientific discoveries already made. By prevalent recognition this process has achieved its most advanced state in America.
Research costs will undoubtedly grow together with the creation of an integrated economic union. Bigger markets provide the potential sales essential to warrant the high overhead costs often needed to detect and develop new products. Learn additional resources on the affiliated wiki by visiting With this as background, we propose to examine several facets of the connection of te. What's more, the high danger of total failure entailed by any research program could be reduced by diversifying the research in a way open just to big institutions. In the United States 85 percent of industrial research costs in 1958 were made by firms with over 5,000 workers; furthermore, almost all big firms did research and development, while fewer than 10 percent of the businesses employing 100 people or less made research and development expenditures..
Additionally, large and well-known companies may be able to raise funds cheaper and much more readily than small firms, notably as removing restrictions on capital flows within the Common Market makes potential borrowing in other participant nations. Companies with international reputations will find themselves increasingly able to look throughout the capital markets of Europe for credit.
Inadequate data prevent fully comparable international comparisons, but research and development expenses are significantly higher, both absolutely and in regard to GNP, in the USA than in Europe. In other European nations such costs are typically under 2 percent of GNP. True, a sizable element of United States Of America costs are undertaken for national defence; but as the example of the jet engine testifies, research and development moved for military motives can have significant commercial use.
Creative activity has long since ceased to be left to the opportunity contributions of isolated inventors; big amounts of capital and human ability are being applied in a methodical effort to push out the frontiers of technology and to turn to practical use fundamental scientific discoveries already made. By prevalent recognition this process has achieved its most advanced state in America.
Research costs will undoubtedly grow together with the creation of an integrated economic union. Bigger markets provide the potential sales essential to warrant the high overhead costs often needed to detect and develop new products. Learn additional resources on the affiliated wiki by visiting With this as background, we propose to examine several facets of the connection of te. What's more, the high danger of total failure entailed by any research program could be reduced by diversifying the research in a way open just to big institutions. In the United States 85 percent of industrial research costs in 1958 were made by firms with over 5,000 workers; furthermore, almost all big firms did research and development, while fewer than 10 percent of the businesses employing 100 people or less made research and development expenditures..