Antioxidant defense mechanisms are responsible for scavenging ROS to prevent the oxidative stress. CAT, SODs, NQOs and GSTs are the key antioxidant Fulvestrant to regulate the oxidative stress. It has been reported that morphine decreases SOD and CAT enzyme activities [1], [9] and [10]. Very recently, we reported a significant association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to drug dependency [11]. Taken together, it might be suggested that the antioxidant genes, play an important role in morphine dependent pathways. However, there is no study on the short-term and long-term effects of morphine on the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes. Considering that previous studies have been shown that the SH-SY5Y cell line is a good model for studying the mechanisms of morphine and dependency toward drugs [12], [13] and [14], here we investigate the effect(s) of morphine on the expression of nine antioxidant genes (CAT, GSTM2, GSTM3, GSTP1, GSTO1, NQO1, NQO2, SOD1, and SOD2 genes) in human SH-SY5Y cells, as a neuronal-like cell model.
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